![]() anterior spinal artery supplies the entire medial aspect 2,3.posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supplies the lateral aspect of the medulla 2,3.Cranial nerve XII emerges between the pyramid and the olive at the pre-olivary sulcus as a number of rootlets 2,3. Cranial nerves IX and X as well as the roots of XI exit the lateral medulla at the post-olivary sulcus, posterior to olivary bodies. The nuclei of the cranial nerves in the medulla originate in the tegmentum, but the nerve roots exit ventrally. The median aperture ( foramen of Magendie) and the more superior lateral apertures ( foramina of Luschka) open at the level of the pons, with the canals projecting to the level of the medulla region and terminating into the cisterna magna and lateral cerebellomedullary cistern respectively 1. The inferior dorsal and lateral aspect of the medulla is surrounded by the cisterna magna (posterior cerebellomedullary cistern), and lateral cerebellomedullary cistern 2,3. The superior dorsal aspect of the medulla is occupied by the inferior cerebellar peduncle situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle. Superiorly the dorsal surface of the medulla is slightly depressed, forming the diamond-shaped rhomboid fossa which is the floor of the fourth ventricle. Between these sulci are the fasciculus gracilis and nuclei forming the gracilis tubercle medially and the fasciculus cuneatus and nuclei forming the cuneate tubercle laterally 2,3. The dorsal aspect of the medulla contains the posterior median sulcus (most dorsal medial sulcus) and the more lateral posterolateral sulcus. Olivary bodies contain the superior and larger inferior olivary nuclei 2. There is also a post-olivary sulcus lateral to the olivary bodies. They are separated from the pyramids by an anterolateral sulcus (pre-olivary sulcus). Olivary bodies are paired structures located at lateral aspect of ventral medulla, lateral to the pyramids. At the caudal end of the pyramids, the corticospinal tracts decussate 2,3. They contain the anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts. Pyramids are paired structures located at the medial aspect of the ventral medulla and flank the anterior median fissure. tegmentum (dorsal) medulla which contains several cranial nerve nuclei and white matter tracts.ventral (anterior) medulla which contains the olive, pyramidal tracts, and CN IX to XII rootlets.Medulla is separated into two main parts: The superior broad part of the medulla joins the pons 2,3. The caudal border of the medulla is the 1 st cervical spinal nerves. The medulla is approximately 3 cm in length and 2 cm in greatest diameter 2.
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